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目的:了解优秀女子小球集体项目运动员营养知识(knowledge)、态度(attitude)和行为(prac-tice)(知信行理论模式,简称KAP)的现状及其相关影响因素,观察运动员铁代谢营养状况,探讨营养知信行对运动员血清铁蛋白水平的影响,为制定科学合理的营养教育方案及实施科学有效的营养干预措施提供依据。方法:选取广东省小球集体项目女运动员54名(女手20,女曲20,女垒14)为调查对象,根据营养教育模式自行设计运动员KAP问卷,进行营养知识、态度和行为调查,同时测试血清铁蛋白水平。结果:(1)调查问卷各部分满分100分,KAP总分300分。运动员营养知识、态度和行为平均得分分别为43.64±11.66分(不及格率90.7%),78.37±10.21分(良好率59.3%)和63.10±10.17分(及格率37.0%),KAP平均得分185.10±23.01分(及格率44.4%)。(2)单因素方差分析显示,不同项目运动员营养态度之间(P<0.001)、KAP总分之间(P<0.05)均有显著性差异;相关分析显示,营养态度与营养行为(A-P)之间显著正相关(P<0.001),KAP总分与运动项目(P<0.05)和文化程度显著相关(P<0.05),而与年龄、训练年限和运动级别无明显相关性(P>0.05)。(3)多元逐步回归分析显示,训练年限(P<0.05)是营养知识的影响因素,运动项目(P<0.05)是营养态度的影响因素,文化程度(P<0.01)同时是营养行为和KAP总分的影响因素。(4)不同运动项目血清铁蛋白之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),运动员血清铁蛋白水平与营养知识得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05),运动员营养知识掌握越多,血清铁蛋白水平越高。结论:(1)女子小球集体项目运动员营养态度积极良好,但营养知识掌握情况不容乐观,营养行为不均衡,有必要在运动员中大力开展营养教育活动,尤其要加大运动营养知识宣教力度,提升运动员相关知识水平,制定合理有效的营养干预措施,以促进其形成健康营养行为。(2)不同运动项目是影响运动员营养态度以及膳食行为整体表现的因素,不同项目的队伍均应重视提高运动员膳食管理水平,加大膳食营养宣教力度,关注运动员休息日膳食行为和不同餐次安排,尤其是早餐和加餐的就餐行为,正确引导零食的健康摄入。(3)运动员铁缺乏营养不良状况发生率与营养知信行调查结果趋势一致,提示良好的营养知识有助于预防缺铁性贫血的发生,加强女子运动员膳食营养教育是预防运动性铁缺乏贫血发生的有效手段。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the status quo of prac-tice (KAP) and its related influencing factors in elite female pellet athletes and to observe the nutritional status of athletes with iron metabolism , To explore the impact of nutrition information on athletes’ serum ferritin level, and to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable nutrition education programs and implementing scientific and effective nutrition intervention measures. Methods: Fifty-four female athletes (female 20, female 20 and female 14) from Guangdong Province Ball Game were selected as research objects. KAP questionnaire was designed according to nutrition education mode, and nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior were investigated. At the same time Test serum ferritin levels. Results: (1) Each part of the questionnaire out of 100 points, KAP score 300 points. The average score of knowledge, attitude and behavior of athletes were 43.64 ± 11.66 (90.7%), 78.37 ± 10.21 (59.3%) and 63.10 ± 10.17 (pass rate) respectively, and the average score of KAP was 185.10 ± 23.01 points (pass rate 44.4%). (2) The one-way analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference between the nutrition attitude of different athletes (P <0.001) and KAP score (P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that nutrition attitude and nutrition behavior (AP) (P <0.001). There was a significant correlation between KAP score and sports (P <0.05) and education level (P <0.05), but not with age, training duration and sports grade ). (3) The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the training years (P <0.05) were the influencing factors of nutritional knowledge. The sports items (P <0.05) were the influencing factors of nutritional attitude. The educational level (P <0.01) Factors affecting the total score. (4) There was a significant difference in serum ferritin among different sports items (P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin level and nutrition knowledge scores (P <0.05). Athletes’ knowledge of nutrition was more, serum ferritin The higher the level. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The nutrition attitude of the women’s peloton athletes is positive, but the nutritional knowledge is not optimistic and nutrition behavior is not balanced. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously carry out the nutrition education among the athletes. In particular, Enhance the knowledge level of athletes, and formulate reasonable and effective nutritional interventions to promote their formation of healthy nutrition behaviors. (2) Different sports are the factors that affect the nutritional attitude of athletes and the overall performance of dietary behaviors. The teams of different projects should pay attention to improving the level of dietary management of athletes, increasing the awareness of dietary nutrition, paying attention to the dietary behavior of rest day and different meal arrangements , Especially the breakfast and dinner dining behavior, the right to guide the healthy diet of snacks. (3) The incidence of iron deficiency malnutrition in athletes is in line with the results of the survey on nutrition information, suggesting that good nutrition knowledge can help prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia. To strengthen the nutrition education of women athletes is to prevent the occurrence of exercise-induced iron deficiency anemia Effective means.