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1 近代以降,特别是辛亥革命以后,中国传统文化陷入了全面的“意义危机”。这种“意义危机”按照美籍华裔中国思想史学者张灏的分析,包括三个层面的“精神迷失”。首先是“道德迷失”, 原先行之有效的儒家道德伦理已经全面失范,如何建构新的社会道德观念和伦理规范秩序成为中国亟待解决的问题。其次是“存在迷失”。人生在世,必须确立一套终极价值信仰,借以解答一些人生的形而上问题。儒、释、道三家都曾向传统中国人提供过各自的宗教性的终极意义信仰,作为“安身立命”的依据。儒门淡泊衰微,“内圣外王”式的人生境界被认为不合时宜以后,中国人向何处去重新寻觅生存的意义?再次是“形上的迷失”。西方科学曾成功地解答了外部世界的“什么”和“如何”的问题,但对世界的“究竟
Since the late Qing Dynasty, especially after the Revolution of 1911, Chinese traditional culture has been caught in a comprehensive “crisis of significance.” This “crisis of significance” is based on the analysis of Zhang Hao, a scholar of Chinese-American history of Chinese thought, and includes “mental loss” at three levels. The first is “moral loss”. The previously valid Confucian morality and ethics have been completely unsuccessful. How to construct a new social morality and ethical norms has become an urgent issue to be solved in China. Followed by “Lost.” Life is alive, we must establish a set of ultimate value beliefs, in order to answer some of the metaphysics of life. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have all provided the traditional Chinese with their own religious belief in the ultimate meaning as the basis for “settling down their lives.” After the Confucianism indifferent to declining, the realm of life inside and outside the king is regarded as outdated, where does the Chinese look for the meaning of existence? Once again, they are “lost in form.” Western science has successfully answered the question of “what” and “how” in the external world,