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随着新新经济地理理论的发展,企业异质性的研究逐渐受到重视,不同效率企业的区位选择被认为是造成城市生产效率差异的重要原因。验证企业区位选择对城市生产效率的影响,以及探讨企业区位选择的城市影响要素是研究的关键问题。沿用Baldwin和Melitz等学者的研究思路,从企业区位主动选择与被动选择的视角,理解中国城市生产效率的差异及其变化,分析企业区位自选择效应的空间差异。在此基础上,采用2002-2007年的规模以上工业企业面板数据,通过建立基于企业进入、退出区位动态的回归模型,揭示企业区位自选择效应的作用机制和城市影响因素。研究发现:企业区位自选择效应确实存在,不同效率企业的主动选择和被动选择都会影响城市的生产效率。生产率较高的工业企业倾向于选择科技研发水平高、市场潜力大、产业相对集聚的城市,生产率较低的工业企业更容易因城市高昂的要素成本和激烈的行业竞争,尤其是同行企业竞争而被挤出。此外,政府的政策优惠可以吸引高效率企业进入,但这种政策倾斜也会加剧其他企业的退出。因此,提高科技水平、扩大市场规模、促进产业集聚、合理运用政策调控是提高城市竞争力的关键。
With the development of new economic geography theory, the research of enterprise heterogeneity has been paid more and more attention. The location selection of enterprises with different efficiency is considered as the important reason that causes the difference of urban production efficiency. To verify the influence of location choice of firms on urban production efficiency and to explore the urban influence factors of firm location selection are the key issues to be studied. Following the research ideas of scholars such as Baldwin and Melitz, this dissertation analyzes the differences and changes of urban production efficiency in China from the perspectives of the active selection and passive selection of the enterprise location, and analyzes the spatial differences of the self-selection effect of the enterprises. On this basis, using the panel data of industrial enterprises above designated size during 2002-2007, we establish a regression model based on the dynamic state of enterprises entering and leaving the location, revealing the mechanism of the location self-selection effect and the urban influence factors. The research finds that the self-selection effect of enterprise location does exist, and the active and passive selection of enterprises with different efficiency will affect the urban production efficiency. Industrial enterprises with higher productivity tend to choose cities with high R & D level, large market potential and relative industrial agglomeration, and those with lower productivity are more likely to suffer from the high factor costs in the city and the fierce competition in the industry, especially those in the same industry Extruded. In addition, the preferential policies of the government can attract efficient enterprises to enter, but such policies will also exacerbate the exit of other enterprises. Therefore, raising the level of science and technology, expanding the market scale, promoting industrial agglomeration, and using policy control rationally are the keys to improve the competitiveness of cities.