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本文对胃肠内分泌学的特点以及胃肠激素和肽类的化学、生理学的新进展作了简要的介绍。胃肠内分泌学近十余年来进展迅速,一些老激素的分离、提纯、阐明化学结构和人工合成,一些新激素和肽类的发现,使这一部分科学的面貌为之一新。胃肠激素和肽类是由个别地散处于胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞之间的内分泌细胞所分泌。由于胃肠道粘膜的面积特别大,胃肠内分泌细胞的总数超过机体所有其它内分泌细胞的总和,因而消化道粘膜被认为是机体内最大最复杂的内分泌器官。另一值得注意的现象是:有些存在于神经系统中的肽类,也在消化道内发现;而原先在消化道内发现的,现在也在神经系统中找到。此现象的生理意义,尚有待进一步明确。
This article gives a brief introduction of the characteristics of gastrointestinal endocrinology and new progresses in chemistry and physiology of gastrointestinal hormones and peptides. Gastrointestinal endocrinology has progressed rapidly in recent ten years. The separation and purification of some old hormones elucidated the chemical structure and artificial synthesis. The discovery of some new hormones and peptides made this part of science one of the new features. Gut hormones and peptides are secreted by endocrine cells that are scattered individually between gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial cells. Due to the large area of the gastrointestinal mucosa, the total number of gastrointestinal endocrine cells over the body of all other endocrine cells, and thus the gastrointestinal mucosa is considered to be the body’s largest and most complex endocrine organs. Another noteworthy phenomenon is that some of the peptides found in the nervous system are also found in the digestive tract; those originally found in the digestive tract are now also found in the nervous system. The physiological significance of this phenomenon needs to be further clarified.