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支原体是引起人类感染性疾病的重要病原体之一。其致病性强，感染范围广，相关疾病种类多，免疫调节及相关致病机制复杂。近年来，支原体感染发病率逐年升高，且难治性、重症病例较多，临床早期判断感染严重程度困难。本文综述了支原体感染时机体免疫调节及受损的相关机制，通过检测患者体内相关标志物辅助临床医师早期评估感染严重程度，达到降低病死率、改善患者预后的目的。“,”Mycoplasma is one of the main pathogens causing human infectious diseases.It is characterized by strong pathogenicity, a wide range of infections, numerous types of related diseases and complex immunoregulation and pathogenic mechanisms.In recent years, the incidence of Mycoplasma infection has been increased constantly and there are more refractory and severe cases than ever before.It is difficult to judge the severity of infection in the early clinical stage.This article reviews the relevant mechanisms of the immunoregulation and impairment of Mycoplasma infection, and assists clinicians in assessing the severity of infection in the initial stage by detecting relevant markers in patients, thereby reducing the mortality and improving the prognosis of patients.