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目的掌握本地错牙颌畸形儿童正畸需求分布和心理健康状况,为正畸医疗资源的合理配置,最大限度地满足儿童的正畸需求提供参考。方法随机抽取2016年1月至2016年6月口腔科接受治疗的12~14岁错牙颌畸形儿童120名,拍摄正面咬合照,建立口腔牙齿模型,通过正畸治疗需要指数(IOTN)评分和牙齿健康因素(DHC)分级获得客观正畸需要;采用AC主观自评调查问卷获得儿童主观正畸需求;采用儿童艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)(7~15岁88题版)调查儿童的人格特征,并以年龄、性别配对抽取60例无错牙颌畸形儿童作为对照组,比较两组儿童心理健康情况。结果客观DHC分级显示,无正畸需要者占5%,而95%的儿童需要进行正畸治疗;而主观需求调查显示,无正畸需要者占16.67%,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.882,P<0.05)。其中男性错牙颌畸形儿童无正畸需求占21.15%,女性占13.24%;女性儿童正畸需求明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.081,P<0.05,P<0.01)。调查组儿童EPQ量表P分量表、N分量表、L分量表评分均高于对照组,E分量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。错牙颌畸形儿童中男性P分量表、E分量表平均评分高于女性,N分量表、L分量表评分明显低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论错牙颌畸形儿童正畸需求有明显从轻倾向,女性正畸需求高于男性。错牙颌畸形儿童心理健康状况低于正常儿童,男性儿童较女性儿童表现为更孤独、难以适应外部环境、与别人不友好等,而女性儿童内向、焦虑、情绪反应、掩饰性表现更严重。
Objective To understand the distribution of orthodontic needs and mental health status of children with malocclusion in the local area and to provide a reference for rational allocation of orthodontic medical resources and maximally meeting the orthodontic needs of children. Methods Totally 120 children aged 12-14 years with dental malocclusion underwent stomatology from January 2016 to June 2016. Tooth occlusal photographs were taken and oral dental models were established. The IOTN score and Dental health factors (DHC) were graded to obtain objective orthodontic needs. Subjective orthodontic needs were obtained using AC subjective self-assessment questionnaire. Children’s personality was investigated using the EPQ (88 question marks aged 7-15) Sixty cases of children with non-malocclusion were selected as the control group by age and sex pairs, and the mental health of the two groups was compared. Results According to the objective DHC classification, no orthodontic patients accounted for 5%, while 95% of the children needed orthodontic treatment. Subjective needs survey showed that 16.67% of the patients had no orthodontic needs, the difference was statistically significant (Z = 4.882 , P <0.05). There was no orthodontic requirement in male malocclusion with 21.15% and female with 13.24%. Female orthodontic demand was significantly higher than male with statistical significance (Z = 3.081, P <0.05, P <0.01). Children’s EPQ scale P score, N score and L score were higher in the investigation group than those in the control group, and score of the E score was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). The average score of male P component and component E in the children with wrong molar deformity was higher than that of female. The scores of N component and L component were significantly lower than those of female (P <0.05). Conclusion The orthodontic needs of children with malocclusion are obviously lighter than those of male. The mental health status of children with malocclusion was lower than that of normal children. Male children were more lonely than female children, difficult to adapt to the external environment and unfriendly to others. Female children were more introverted, anxious, emotional and disguised.