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目的了解本地区五年来出生缺陷监测及诊断依据的变化状况。方法对2003~2007年江门市区监测医院内分娩的围产儿出生缺陷监测资料进行统计分析,出生缺陷诊断以细胞学、临床、生化及超声诊断。结果出生缺陷的发生率呈逐年上升趋势;出生缺陷类别排序前五位以四肢畸形、先天性心脏病、总唇腭裂、胎儿水肿综合征、神经管缺陷为主;男性出生缺陷发生率明显高于女性;城镇出生缺陷发生率明显高于乡村。结论提倡自觉婚前检查、孕前检查、产前检查;将排前五位的出生缺陷类别作为预防重点;产前普及超声诊断、开展产前筛查、产前诊断与新生儿筛查技术、广泛开展健康宣教,提高群众的优生优育意识,是降低出生缺陷发生率和围产儿死亡率的有效措施。
Objective To understand the status of monitoring and diagnosis of birth defects in five years in this area. Methods The data of monitoring of birth defects in perinatal delivery during the period from 2003 to 2007 in Jiangmen downtown area were statistically analyzed. The diagnosis of birth defects was diagnosed by cytology, clinical, biochemical and ultrasonography. Results The incidence of birth defects showed an upward trend year by year. The top five birth defects categories were limb deformities, congenital heart disease, total cleft lip and palate, fetal edema syndrome and neural tube defects. The incidence of birth defects in males was significantly higher than Women; the incidence of urban birth defects was significantly higher than the rural areas. Conclusions Advocacy of pre-marital examination, pre-pregnancy examination and prenatal examination; taking the top five birth defects categories as the focus of prevention; prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, prenatal screening, prenatal diagnosis and neonatal screening techniques Healthy propaganda and education to raise the masses awareness of prenatal and postnatal care is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of birth defects and perinatal mortality.