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一、引言数控机床的伺服系统,按讯号传输方式的不同,分为开环系统和闭环系统两大类型。由于闭环系统具有精度高、加工表面质量好、效率高、工作可靠、经济性好等一系列优点,已为国外的数控机床广泛采用。七十年代初期,美国盖梯斯(Gettys)公司、茵兰德(InLand)公司先后研制成功高转矩直流伺服电机,并应用于数控机床伺服系统中,此技术不久就引入西欧、东欧(如英国、西德、捷克),随后欧美的数控机床很快就大都采用上电机驱动的闭环伺服系统。日本富士通法纳克(Fanuc)公司是以首创电液脉冲马达开环系统起家的,他们的产品曾一度称著于世,但自1974年引进 Gettys 公司的伺服电机技术后,于1976年7月开始全部转向生产闭环系统,从而结束了开环系统生产的历史。〔1〕〔6〕但目前国内的数控机床仍采用开环伺服系统为主。只有少数数
I. Introduction CNC machine tool servo system, according to the different signal transmission methods, divided into two types of open-loop system and closed-loop system. As the closed-loop system with high precision, good surface quality, high efficiency, reliable, economical and a series of advantages, has been widely used abroad CNC machine tools. In the early 1970s, Gettys and InLand successfully developed high-torque DC servo motors and applied them to CNC machine tool servo systems. This technology was introduced into Western Europe and Eastern Europe Britain, West Germany, Czech Republic), followed by Europe and the United States most of the CNC machine tools are soon used on the motor-driven closed-loop servo system. Japan’s Fujitsu Fanuc company is based on the first electro-hydraulic pulse motor open-loop system started, their products once dubbed the world, but since the introduction of Gettys servo motor technology in 1974, in July 1976 Began to turn to the production of closed-loop system, thus ending the history of open-loop system production. 〔1〕 〔6〕 However, the current domestic CNC machine tools still use open-loop servo system. Only a few