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《反不正当竞争法》对不正当竞争的种种行为都作了规定,其中第十一条是这样规定的:“经营者不得以排挤竞争对手为目的,以低于成本的价格销售商品……”笔者认为,这条规定不尽合理,而且似乎显得多余。下面从几个方面谈谈笔者个人的一管之见。 一、实践中很难认定经营者销售商品的主观目的是在排挤竞争对手 根据马克思主义政治经济学的原理,资本的循环分为三个阶段,即购买阶段,生产阶段,销售阶段。商品生产者或者经营者在销售阶段的直接目的,就是实现价值,即收回垫支的资本和实现剩余价值。如果为了这个目的,那是无可厚非的,这种行为自然也就不能归结为不正当竞争之列了。根据《反不正当竞争法》第十一条的规定,不正当竞争(仅限于这一条规定的不正当竞争行为)的前提条件必须是以排挤竞争对手为目的。反过来推之,如果失去了这个前提,不是以排挤竞争对手为目点,那么以低于成本的价格销售商品就应是正当竞争行为了,也是正常的生产资本循环的阶段之一。所以,要判断一种销售行为是不正当竞争行为,必须先
The Anti-Unfair Competition Law regulates various acts of unfair competition, of which Article 11 states: “The operator shall not sell goods at a price below cost for the purpose of marginalizing a competitor ... ”The author believes that this provision is not reasonable, and seems superfluous. The following from a few aspects of the author’s personal opinion. First, in practice, it is hard to assume that the subjective purpose of selling merchandise is to crowd out competitors According to the principle of Marxist political economy, the cycle of capital is divided into three phases, that is, the purchase phase, the production phase and the sales phase. The direct purpose of the commodity producer or operator in the sales phase is to realize the value of recovering the capital of the advances and realizing the residual value. If for this purpose, it is understandable that such behavior naturally can not be attributed to unfair competition. According to Article 11 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the precondition for unfair competition (only for the acts of unfair competition as stipulated in this article) must be to exclude competitors. Conversely, if this premise is not lost, and the point is not to crowd out competitors, then the sale of goods at a price below cost should be a legitimate competitive act and one of the normal cycles of productive capital. Therefore, to determine a sales behavior is unfair competition, we must first