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目的分析绵阳市2007—2015年职业病发病特征,为制定职业病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集绵阳市2007—2015年各职业病诊断机构上报的职业病病例,并进行统计分析。结果 12007—2015年绵阳市共报告新发职业病172例,涉及5类14种职业病,历年职业病发病数呈波动性变化。职业病类别以尘肺病、职业性化学中毒、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病为主,分别占86.63%、6.40%和5.23%。其中居前3位的职业病病种为矽肺、煤工尘肺和噪声聋,占发病总数的88.37%。2发病病例以男性为主,占96.51%;平均发病年龄(53.02±12.95)岁;平均发病工龄(12.95±10.51)a。3全市10个区县均有职业病报告,其中江油市、安县、涪城区的职业病病例数占总例数的83.14%;病例分布在7大行业,以采矿业和制造业病例数最多,共占84.30%。职业病主要集中在私营企业,占48.26%;企业规模以小型企业为主,占49.42%。结论 2007—2015年绵阳市职业病以尘肺病为主,防治的重点行业是采矿业和制造业。应加大对重点地区和重点人群的职业病防控宣传,加强对私营企业和小型企业的监督管理。
Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases in Mianyang from 2007 to 2015 and provide scientific evidence for the development of occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The cases of occupational diseases reported by occupational disease diagnosis organizations in Mianyang from 2007 to 2015 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 172 cases of new occupational diseases were reported in Mianyang City from 12007 to 2015, involving 14 kinds of occupational diseases in 5 categories. The incidence of occupational diseases fluctuated over the years. Occupational diseases were mainly pneumoconiosis, occupational chemical poisoning and occupational ENT oral diseases, accounting for 86.63%, 6.40% and 5.23% respectively. Among them, the top three occupational diseases were silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and noise deafness, accounting for 88.37% of the total. The incidence of male patients was 96.51%. The mean age of onset was 53.02 ± 12.95 years. The average length of service was 12.95 ± 10.51 years. 3 There are occupational disease reports in all 10 districts and counties in the city, including 83.14% of the total number of occupational diseases in Jiangyou City, An County and Fucheng District; the cases are distributed in 7 major industries with the largest number of mining and manufacturing industries, accounting for a total of 84.30%. Occupational diseases are mainly concentrated in private enterprises, accounting for 48.26%; the scale of the enterprises is mainly small enterprises, accounting for 49.42%. Conclusion From 2007 to 2015, occupational diseases in Mianyang City were mainly pneumoconiosis. The key industries in prevention and treatment were mining and manufacturing. We should step up publicity on prevention and control of occupational diseases in key areas and key populations and strengthen the supervision and administration of private-owned enterprises and small-scale enterprises.