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在石油开采过程中 ,沥青质沉积是既不经济又令人深感烦恼。沥青质能够沉积到采油设备的任何部位 ,而且严重损害近井眼地层和井内电潜泵 (ESP)。通过对沉积作用机理的深入了解 ,由沥青质絮凝作用所形成的重有机质沉淀是可以得到控制的。含有重胶质和软沥青的原油更为稳定。由于沿通道所形成的电位不同 ,而引起了温度、压降和电动效应的变化 ,这样就会影响到原油的热力平衡 ,从而产生沥青质沉积。原油有沉积出沥青质的倾向 ,早期诊断和阻止这些沉积物 ,在最初看起来是要花费费用的 ,但沉淀出现之后 ,所付出的费用可能会大大增加。在严重的情况下 ,连续低成本的采油生产都是不可能的。防止沥青质在ESP设备内沉积的各种新方法有 :变速控制器 (VSC′s)与低速运转的超大排量泵联用 ;增加叶轮高度 ;泵内加涂层 ;采用新型滤网在泵入口处减小压降及新的入口设计。注入毛细管线和流体再循环的应用 ,强化了化学处理效果
Asphaltene deposition is both uneconomical and troubling during oil production. Asphaltenes can be deposited on any part of an oil recovery plant and can severely damage near-wellbore formations and in-well ESPs. Through deep understanding of the mechanism of sedimentation, heavy organic deposits formed from asphaltene flocculation can be controlled. Crude oil containing heavy gums and soft asphalt is more stable. Due to the different potentials formed along the channels, changes in temperature, pressure drop and electromotive force are caused, which affect the thermodynamic balance of the crude oil and produce asphaltene deposits. Crude oil tends to deposit asphaltenes, and early diagnosis and containment of these deposits can seem costly at first, but the cost of settling can be greatly increased. In severe cases, continuous low-cost oil production is impossible. New ways to prevent asphaltenes from settling in ESP equipment include: VSC’s variable speed controller (VSC’s) combined with low displacement high displacement pumps; increased impeller height; added pump coating; Reduce pressure drop at entrance and new entrance design. The injection of capillary lines and fluid recirculation applications reinforce the chemical treatment