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共同体商业政策方面,律师最常涉及的是共同海关规则和反倾销事项。然而,商业政策的许多其他重要组成部分涉及进出口措施。由于篇幅所限,不能对这些措施进行详尽的考察,本章略述其中较为重要的措施。 一、进口措施 除了关税以外,欧共体采取其他措施限制进口:欧共体一般保障措施(采取这些措施旨在保护遭受严重损害或受到严重损害威胁的共同体工业);共同体与其贸易伙伴商定的非正式进口协议;从共同体共同商业政策的制定中幸存下来的成员国单独配额;共同体采取的杂项进口限制。 (一)正式保障措施 欧共体成员国都加入了的关税和贸易总协定一般禁止对进口实行数量和其他非关税限制。然而,当一缔约国在其国内工业受到“重大损害”或重大损害威胁时,该总协定第19条允许该缔约国采取上述限制措施。欧共体在其1982年288号法规中规定的进口共同税则中承认关贸总协定的这些规则,而欧共体该法规适用于除去某些纺织品和从某些国营贸易国家进口的产品之外的产品。这些规则规定,除有限的例外,进入欧共体的产品不受数量限制(1982年288号法规第1条)。
In terms of community commercial policies, lawyers most commonly refer to common customs rules and anti-dumping matters. However, many other important components of commercial policy relate to import and export measures. Due to space constraints, these measures can not be exhaustively examined. This chapter outlines some of the more important ones. I. INTRODUCTORY MEASURES In addition to customs duties, the EC takes other measures to limit imports: General EC safeguards (these are measures aimed at protecting Community industries that have suffered serious or threatening serious damage), non-compliance with the Community and its trading partners Formal Import Agreements; Individual quotas for Member States surviving the development of Community Common Commercial Policy; Miscellaneous import restrictions imposed by the Community. (I) Formal Safeguards The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), to which member states of the European Community are parties, generally prohibits the imposition of quantitative and other non-tariff restrictions on imports. However, Article 19 of the GATT allows the State party to adopt the above-mentioned restrictions when a State Party is at risk of “material injury” or serious injury to its domestic industry. The EC recognizes these GATT rules in its Common Taxation of Imports stipulated in Regulation No. 288 of 1982 and the EC Regulation applies to products excluding certain textiles and imports from certain state trading countries The product. These rules provide for a limited number of products entering the European Community with limited exceptions (Article 1 of Regulation No. 288 of 1982).