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Lead exposure induces decreased hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)receptor gene and protein expressions, which influences the molecular mechanisms of leing and memory. However, lead poisoning-induced differences in NMDA subunit expression, and the correlation of lead poisoning with leing and memory, remain poorly understood. The present study measured differences in expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B in memory-related brain regions of rats who underwent different doses of lead exposure. Results demonstrated decreased NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunit expressions in some memory-related brain areas. The inhibitory effect of 4.8 mmol/L lead exposure on hippocampal NR2B was most significant, although NR2A expression also significantly decreased following 14.4 mmol/L lead exposure. There was no difference in NR1 expression following exposure to < 4.8 mmol/L lead, although the inhibitory effect of 19.6 mmol/L lead exposure was strongest for NR1 expression in the hippocampus. Inhibitory avoidance test results revealed that greater concentrations of lead exposure resulted in decreased leing and memory. Therefore, lead toxicity was dependent on NMDA receptor subunit composition, and NR1, NR2A, and NR2B expressions were associated with time and concentration of lead exposure.