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问卷和会见是在不能直接进行观察时最基本的收集资料的方法。这两种方法对于获得关于态度、主张、知觉、信仰、情感、动机、私人行为、过去行为以及预见未发生的行为等信息都是有用的。此外,对于收集说明人口特征的自然情况的资料,如年龄、性别、职业、婚姻状况、健康状况等,也都是有用的。这两种方法主要依靠口头的或书面的语言性记录。但是不同的是问卷从应答者回答的一系列固定的问题中得到信息,几乎没有得到或根本没有得到研究者的帮助,而会见总包括会见双方的相互作用。
Questionnaires and meetings are the most basic way to collect information when it is not directly observable. Both of these methods are useful for obtaining information on attitudes, assertions, perceptions, beliefs, emotions, motivations, private behavior, past behavior, and anticipation of non-occurring behaviors. In addition, it is useful to collect information that describes the natural conditions of the demographic characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, marital status, health status, etc. Both methods rely mainly on verbal or written language records. But the difference is that the questionnaire received information from a series of fixed questions answered by the respondents, with little or no help from the researchers, and the meeting always included the interaction between the two parties.