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食管癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来对食管癌分子遗传基础研究取得了相当大的进展,但其发生发展的分子机制仍不十分清楚.在肿瘤研究中,杂合性缺失是一种常用的等位基因缺失检测方法,广泛用于候选抑癌基因的筛选及已知抑癌基因失活机制的阐明等方面.并且等位基因异常在多种肿瘤中被证明是肿瘤发生早期事件,因此杂和性缺失可能成为肿瘤筛查和早期诊断的重要工具.等位基因缺失研究常用技术包括限制性片段长度多态性和微卫星分析等.食管癌中常见的染色体缺失区及其相关基因有17号染色体短臂(p53基因)、13号染色体长臂(Rb 基因)等.本文对以上几方面以及等位基因缺失在食管癌发展不同时期的变化等作了较为详细的阐述.
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the molecular genetic basis of esophageal cancer, but the molecular mechanism of its occurrence and development remains unclear. In tumor research, the loss of heterozygosity Is a commonly used method for detection of allelic deletions and is widely used in the screening of candidate tumor suppressor genes and elucidation of the mechanism of inactivation of known tumor suppressor genes and the allelic abnormalities have been proved to be tumorigenic in many kinds of tumors Early events, so loss of heterozygosity may become an important tool for cancer screening and early diagnosis.Gene loss of alleles commonly used techniques include restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite analysis etc .. Common esophageal chromosomal deletion and The related genes are the short arm of chromosome 17 (p53 gene), the long arm of chromosome 13 (Rb gene), etc. The above aspects and the deletion of alleles in the development of esophageal cancer in different periods made a more detailed description .