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德国问题确实是由来已久。其产生原因包括德国处于欧洲中部的独特地理位置、1871年德国统一使德国一跃成为欧洲大国、德国在成为民族国家之后国力发展迅速。德国1871年统一后,一直作为欧洲秩序的挑战者,与欧洲秩序的不兼容,形成德国问题,一直困扰着欧洲国家间关系的发展,并通过两次世界大战影响整个世界。因此,如何解决德国问题具有重要意义。目前,欧洲一体化是欧洲对德国问题的最好解答。然而2008年欧债危机爆发后,德国问题又有所发展,原因在于(1)法国实力下降,使法国制衡德国的力量逐渐下降;(2)德国外汇储备盈余,成为欧洲国家最大的债权国,加强了德国“干预”别国的能力;(3)英国在欧债危机中边缘化,无法发挥制约的德国的作用。尽管如此,只要德国能够认清新时期德国的稳定与欧洲稳定之间的相互依赖关系,德国问题就会朝着有利于欧洲,乃至世界的趋势发展。
Germany’s problem is indeed a long time. The reasons for this include Germany’s unique geographical location in central Europe. In 1871, Germany reunited Germany with the European powers. Germany became a nation-state and its national strength developed rapidly. After Germany reunified in 1871, it has been a challenger of the European order, its incompatibility with the European order and the formation of Germany. It has plagued the development of relations among European countries and has affected the entire world through two world wars. Therefore, how to solve the German issue is of great significance. At present, the European integration is the best answer to the German issue in Europe. However, after the European debt crisis broke out in 2008, the problem of Germany developed again because of the following reasons: (1) the decline of French power brought about a gradual decline in the power of France in balancing and controlling Germany; (2) Germany’s surplus in foreign exchange reserves became the largest creditor country in European countries, Strengthen the ability of Germany to “intervene” in other countries; and (3) the role of Germany in the marginalization of the European debt crisis and its inability to exercise restraint. Nevertheless, as long as Germany can recognize the interdependence between the stability of Germany and the stability of Europe in the new period, the German issue will develop in a trend favorable to Europe and the world at large.