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预设是一个借自分析哲学的语言学概念,自1970年起一直是语言学界激烈的话题,其研究方向主要有语义和语用两种。前者从命题的真值条件研究预设,后者则主要研究预设在语言使用中的各种情况。蕴涵则是逻辑学上的一个术语。目前,语义蕴涵的研究也成为热点之一,语义蕴涵问题已成为语义学、语言哲学、语言逻辑学、语用学、计算机人工智能系统等学科的共同课题。本文拟就在自己掌握材料的范围内对蕴涵和预设的相关理论作一梳理。
Presupposition is a linguistic concept borrowed from analytic philosophy, which has been a heated topic of linguistics since 1970. Its research interests are mainly semantic and pragmatic. The former studies the presuppositions from the truth conditions of propositions, while the latter studies various situations presupposed in language use. Implication is a term in logic. At present, the study of semantic implication has also become one of the hot spots. The question of semantic implication has become a common topic in semantics, language philosophy, linguistic logic, pragmatics and computer artificial intelligence systems. This article intends to sort out the related theories of implication and presupposition within the scope of their own mastery of materials.