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人类创造出许多辉煌的科技成果。但是,科学并非真空地带。回顾跨世纪的20年,科学界发生的20个最大的失误、错误和谬误令人尴尬和震惊。与科学的可靠、慎重、真实和精确相伴的是令人恐惧的巨大灾难和令人惋惜的不幸后果。神圣的科学界,同样隐藏着沽名钓誉的骗子和手段高明的造伪者。1.“挑战者号”航天飞机爆炸“挑战者号”航天飞机在1986年1月28日在太空爆炸,7名字航员在这次事故中丧生。根据调查这一事故的总统委员会的报告,爆炸是一个 O 型密封环失效引起的。这个密封环位于右侧固体火箭推进器的两个下层部件之间。失效的密封环使炽热的气体点燃了外部燃料罐中的燃料。O 型密封环会在低温下失效,尽管在发射前夕有些工程师警告不要在冷天发射,但是由于发射已被推迟了5次,所以警告未能引起重视。2.科学作弊80年代,在极度竞争意识的驱使下,一些科学家希望在科学道路上找到捷径。前哈佛大学研究员达尔西就是其中的“佼佼者”。1981年,人们发现他在一项心脏研究中伪造数据。后来美国国家卫生研究所的调查人员发现,他发表的100多篇论文大多数是捏造的。再如1985年从加利福尼亚大学辞职的心脏放射学专家罗伯特·斯卢茨基,这位每10天就能出一篇新文章的人也是篡改数据的高手。调查人员还发现他在研究方法上也没讲真话。3.先真后假的 Debendox1961年,澳大利亚妇产科医生威廉·麦克布赖德在《柳叶刀》杂志上警告,治疗焦虑和孕妇晨吐的“反应停”可能会导致怪胎。虽然麦克布赖德的结论只是基于零星几个病例,但是随后的研究证明他
Humans have created many brilliant achievements in science and technology. However, science is not a vacuum. It is embarrassing and alarming to recall the 20 biggest mistakes, mistakes and fallacies that have taken place in the scientific community over the two decades of the cross-century. The scary catastrophic and regrettable unfortunate consequences associated with the reliability, discretion, truth and precision of science. Sacred scientific world, also hiding fake liar and sophisticated tactics. 1. “Challenger ” space shuttle explosion “Challenger ” space shuttle exploded in space on January 28, 1986, seven crew members died in the accident. According to the report of the presidential commission investigating the accident, the explosion was caused by the failure of an O-ring. This seal is located between the two lower members of the right solid rocket propulsion unit. The failed seal ring ignites the fuel in the external fuel tank with hot gas. O-rings will fail at low temperatures, and although some engineers warned on the eve of launch that they would not launch in cold weather, the warning failed to take notice because the launch had been postponed five times. 2. Scientific cheating In the 1980s, driven by extreme competition awareness, some scientists hoped to find a shortcut on the scientific path. Former Harvard University researcher Darcy is one of the “best”. In 1981, he was found to fake data in a heart study. Later, investigators at the National Institutes of Health found that most of the more than 100 papers he published were faked. Another example is Robert Slutsky, a cardiac radiologist who resigned from the University of California in 1985, and the man who can make a new article every 10 days is also a tamper with data. Investigators also found that he did not tell the truth in the research methods. 3. True and False Debendox In 1961, Australian obstetrician William McBride warned in the Lancet magazine that treatment of anxiety and morning sickness may cause geeks. Although McBride's conclusion is based on only a few sporadic cases, subsequent studies have shown that he