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目的分析比较贵州省城乡监测点乙型肝炎(乙肝)血清流行病学情况及感染模式,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2006年、2014年在5个城乡监测点对1-29岁常住人口开展乙肝血清标志物检测和接种率调查,对数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2014年乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为2.17%(标化值2.76%)低于2006年的3.42%(标化值5.07%);乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)阳性率为55.15%(标化值47.49%),高于2006年的46.11%(标化值36.32%)。有乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种史的人群HBsAg阳性率低于无接种史人群,而前者HBs Ab阳性率高于后者。随着新生儿HepB接种率逐年升高,HBsAg阳性率、HBsAg和乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)双阳率呈下降趋势。农村地区HBsAg阳性率高于城市。1992年以后农村、在家出生和在乡村医院出生人群HepB首剂及时接种率分别低于城市、医院出生、县级及以上医院出生儿童。结论贵州省Hep B接种提高了人群乙肝免疫水平,显著降低了乙肝感染。应开展青少年Hep B查漏补种,加强农村地区以及乡村医院出生新生儿HepB及时接种工作。
Objective To analyze and compare the serological status and infection pattern of hepatitis B (HBV) between urban and rural monitoring sites in Guizhou Province, and to provide the basis for the development of prevention and treatment strategies. The method adopted multi-stage cluster random sampling in 2006 and 2014 to carry out testing and serum markers of hepatitis B vaccination coverage survey of 1-29-year-old resident population in five rural and urban monitoring sites, data descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results 2014 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rate of 2.17% (standard value of 2.76%) is less than 3.42% in 2006 (standardized value 5.07%); hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) positive rate of 55.15% (standardized Value of 47.49%), higher than 46.11% in 2006 (normalized value of 36.32%). The positive rate of HBsAg in the population with HepB vaccination history was lower than that in non-vaccination history, while the positive rate of HBs Ab in the former was higher than the latter. With the newborns HepB vaccination rate increased year by year, HBsAg positive rate, HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) double positive rate decreased. HBsAg positive rate in rural areas than in cities. After 1992, the timely inoculation rates of HepB in rural areas, births born at home and those born in rural hospitals were lower than those born in cities, hospitals, and hospitals at county level and above. Conclusion Hep B vaccination in Guizhou Province has raised the level of hepatitis B immunity and significantly reduced hepatitis B infection. Hep B should be carried out to detect leaks and replants of young people and to promptly inoculate newborns HepB born in rural areas and rural hospitals.