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我国养老保险中存在很多问题,主要体现在:退休年龄低,导致养老保险收支失衡、人力资源浪费;投资收益低,巨额养老保险基金贬值;管理水平低,特别是在政策制定和业务经办环节上;财务风险大,如个人账户空账、未来的隐性债务规模大;统筹层次低,扭曲了劳动者、企业和政府的行为方式;覆盖范围低,主要是城镇灵活就业人员和农民工被排斥在制度之外;制度差异大,日益呈现碎片化特征。知易行难,利益和矛盾盘根错节,改革需要决策者的大决心和大智慧。
There are many problems in China’s endowment insurance, mainly reflected in: low retirement age, resulting in unbalanced income and expenditure of endowment insurance, waste of human resources; low investment returns, depreciation of huge pension funds; low management level, especially in the policy-making and business management Link; financial risks, such as personal accounts empty, the future of the large size of hidden debt; low overall level, distorted the behavior of workers, businesses and the government; coverage is low, mainly urban flexible employment and migrant workers Are excluded from the system; the system is very different and increasingly characterized by fragmentation. Easy to understand, interests and contradictions, the reform requires the determination and wisdom of policymakers.