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一、引言根据韦尔策尔(Welzel)的意见,将犯罪划分为构成要件符合性、违法性和有责性这三个要素的做法,是“最近两到三代人所取得的最为重要的教义学进步”。[1]在当今的德国刑法学中,尽管批判的声音[2]正在增多,但独立于责任之外的不法这一犯罪论的范畴仍一如既往地享有广泛的认同:耶赛克(Jescheck)和魏根特(Weigend)将不法与责任的区分称为“犯罪论的核心”[3];许乃曼(Schunemann)则认为,该区分属于这样一类教义学知识,它们“对于处在我们时代水准的所有其他……刑法教义学来说都具
I. INTRODUCTION According to Welzel, the division of crime into three elements that make up the elements of conformity, illegality and accountability is ”the most important thing that has been achieved in the last two or three generations Teaching progress “. In today’s German criminal jurisprudence, despite the growing voice of critics [2], the category of criminal law independent of responsibility beyond its responsibility remains as widely accepted as ever: Jescheck and Weigend refers to the distinction between wrongfulness and responsibility as the ”core of the criminal theory“ [3]; Schunemann argues that the distinction belongs to such a kind of doctrinal knowledge that ” In all other criminal justice jurisprudence of our time