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目的分析陆上等动拉力、滑轮拉力、橡皮拉力,模拟蝶泳划臂动作上肢肌肉表面肌电特征,以评价不同肌肉在3种拉力方式中蝶泳划臂各动作阶段的训练效果,为科学制定游泳上肢力量训练计划提供依据。方法采用MEGWIN6000 16通道遥测肌电测试仪、索尼DCR-HC90常速摄像机、自主研制同步信号发生器,同步采集8名优秀游泳运动员表面肌电信号和运动学数据。结果 3种拉力抱水对肱桡肌、腕关节屈肌、肱二头肌和胸大肌影响较大,推水对肱三头肌、背阔肌和三角肌中束影响较大;移臂阶段差异最大,涵盖前臂、上臂和躯干肌群;肱三头肌和胸大肌在各动作阶段均存在差异。结论等动拉力在抱水和推水阶段练习效果较好,并能更多训练肱三头肌和胸大肌,对斜方肌和肱桡肌移臂阶段具有更多的训练作用;滑轮拉力在移臂阶段练习效果较好,并能更多训练背阔肌推水和移臂阶段;橡皮拉力能更好训练三角肌中束抱水阶段和背阔肌移臂阶段。
Objective To analyze the terrestrial muscle surface electromyographic characteristics of onshore equal dynamic tensile force, pulley tension, rubber tension and simulated stroke stroke arm motions to evaluate the training effect of different muscles in each stroke stage of stroke stroke in three kinds of tensioning ways. Upper body strength training program to provide the basis. Methods The MEGWIN 6000 16-channel telemetry EMG tester and Sony DCR-HC90 camera were used to develop synchronous signal generator. The surface EMG signals and kinematic data of 8 excellent swimmers were collected synchronously. Results Three kinds of tension-holding water had a significant effect on the brachioradialis flexor, wrist flexor, biceps and pectoralis major, and the impact of shoving water on the triceps, latissimus dorsi and deltoid muscles was significant. The biggest difference was in the stage, which covered the forearm, upper arm and trunk muscles. The triceps and pectoralis major were different in each stage of the action. Conclusions Equal dynamic tensile force is effective in holding water and pushing water, and can train triceps and pectoralis major more, and has more training effects on the trapezius muscle and brachioradialis transposition arm stage. Pulley tension In the arm movement stage, the effect is better, and can more training the latissimus dorsi and transfer arm stage; rubber tension can better training the deltoid muscle in the water and latissimus dorsi arm transfer stage.