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斯宾格勒是文化形态史学的开创者,而观相的形态学则是文化形态史学得以构建起来的一个基本方法。斯宾格勒的观相学,研究的是作为历史的世界,主张以个人的精神慧眼直观诸多现象从而获得历史(文化、生命)的本质。他的观相学,贯穿在《西方的没落》这本书中,同样也可以在文化比较——主要是类比的比较看到观相学的身影。但这种主观性太过强烈的观相学是否能看到不同文化形态间纷繁复杂文化现象的本质,能否真正达到本质的直观?这是本文力求去探析的一个重要问题。德国现象学大师胡塞尔早就提出了本质直观的概念,本文将结合其观点进行论述。
Spengler is the pioneer of the history of cultural morphology, while the morphology of outlook and outlook is a basic method of constructing the history of cultural morphology. Spengler’s concept of philology studies the history as a world, advocating the intuition of many phenomena in the personal spirit to gain the essence of history (culture, life). His concept of observology, which runs through the book “The Decline of the West,” can also see the concept of outlook on science and culture in a comparison of cultures - mainly analogies. However, this subjective too strong concept of photographic science can see the complex cultural phenomenon between different cultural forms, the nature of the essence can really achieve the visual? This is the paper sought to explore an important issue. Husserl, a German phenomenological master, has long put forward the concept of intrinsically intuition, which will be discussed in combination with his point of view.