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目的掌握东莞市2000—2014年狂犬病疫情特点,并对防控效果进行分析,为制定狂犬病防控策略提供依据。方法收集东莞市2000—2014年狂犬病疫情资料和犬伤门诊监测数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2000—2014年东莞市共报告狂犬病病例132例,死亡132例,病死率为100%。2006年达到发病高峰,当年共报告狂犬病36例。病例以外地户籍(88例,占66.67%)、男性(95例,71.97%)、15~59岁年龄组(104例,78.79%)、农民工(92例,69.70%)为主,输入性病例占59.09%;伤人动物主要为犬(占79.55%)。犬伤门诊监测结果显示,狂犬病暴露后的就诊者从2000年的27 187例逐年增长到2007年的58 822例,之后一直维持在每年50 000~60 000例的水平;每年7—8月份为狂犬病暴露后就诊高峰期,就诊人数占全年总人数的23.05%。就诊者伤口处理率和狂犬病疫苗接种率基本维持在87%和98%以上水平;狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种率从2003年的1.17%缓慢上升至2014年的20.02%。结论从2000年开始东莞市狂犬病疫情日趋严重,2006年达到了发病和死亡高峰,经采取以规范犬伤处理工作、强化犬类免疫的措施后有效控制了人间狂犬病的流行。
Objective To grasp the characteristics of rabies epidemics in Dongguan City from 2000 to 2014 and analyze the prevention and control effects so as to provide evidence for the development of rabies prevention and control strategies. Methods The rabies epidemic data and dog outpatient surveillance data collected from 2000 to 2014 in Dongguan City were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 132 cases of rabies were reported in Dongguan in 2000-2014, 132 cases were fatal. The case fatality rate was 100%. In 2006 reached the peak incidence, a total of 36 rabies cases were reported. The cases were mainly from rural areas (88 cases, 66.67%), male (95 cases, 71.97%), 15-59 years old (104.78%) and migrant workers (92 cases, 69.70% The cases accounted for 59.09%; the main animals were dogs (79.55%). The results of canine outpatient surveillance showed that the number of post-rabies visits increased from 27,187 cases in 2000 to 58,822 cases in 2007 and has remained at the level of 50,000 to 60,000 cases since July to August each year. Rabies exposure peak after treatment, the number of visits accounted for 23.05% of the total number of the year. The treatment rate of rabies patients and rabies vaccination coverage rate remained at 87% and 98% respectively. The rabies immunoglobulin inoculation rate rose slowly from 1.17% in 2003 to 20.02% in 2014. Conclusion Since 2000, the outbreak of rabies in Dongguan City has become more and more serious. The peak incidence and mortality have been reached in 2006. The rabies epidemic has been effectively controlled after taken measures to standardize canine injuries and strengthen canine immunization.