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中考英语中的“单项选择”题中常常隐含着“陷阱”,考生若按照“定势思维”去解题,往往容易出错｡实际上,解答此类题目时应该要注意两点:1) 认真审题,不受“定势思维”的影响; 2) 在考虑固定句式或固定搭配的同时,还要注意上下文的语义逻辑｡下面以一些试题为例,谈谈如何破解“单项选择”题中的“陷阱”,希望对同学们在解答此类题目时有所帮助｡
1. Lin Tao can’t help______the trees for he is busy writing a letter now.
A. to plant B. planting
C. planted D. to be planted
[解析] 考生易受 can’t help doing sth 这一固定搭配的影响而误选B｡但题干中的 for 是个并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示因果关系,说明“林涛正忙于写信而不能帮助栽树”,因此空白处应填 to plant 才符合题意｡故正确答案为A｡
2. The boy with two girls______in the yard when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. was playing B. were playing
C. are playing D. is playing
[解析] 考生易受邻近谓语部分的复数名词短语 two girls 以及题意“那个男孩和两个女孩正在院子里玩耍……”的影响而误选B｡但此句的主语是 the boy,根据主谓一致原则,单数主语后面跟 with, except, together with 等引导的介词短语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式,故正确答案为A｡
3. Shenyang has a large population than______city in Jilin Province.
A. any B. other C. any other D. all
[解析] 考生易受“be+形容词比较级+than any other+比较对象”结构的影响而误选C｡但此题表示的比较范围不同,也就是说 Shenyang 不属于 Jilin Province｡故正确答案为A｡如果把题中的 Jilin 改为 Liaoning,则正确答案为C｡
4. The teacher is examining the composition I have just finished______the mistakes in it.
A. correcting B. to correct C. correct D. corrected
[解析] 考生易受 finish doing sth 结构的影响而误选A｡但题干中的 I have just finished 为省略了 that 的定语从句,其先行词是 composition｡由此推断,空白处应填动词不定式短语作目的状语,故正确答案为B｡
5. There is______sheep in the field over there.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
[解析] 考生容易误选B,其依据是可数名词 sheep 的单数和复数形式相同, few 虽然可以修饰可数名词,但具有否定意义,而 little, a little 修饰不可数名词, little 具有否定意义, a little 具有肯定意义｡但 a few sheep 具有复数意义,与句中的谓语动词 is 在数上不一致｡因此空白处应填 a little, little 表示“小”的意思,这样才符合题意｡故正确答案为D｡
6. —John likes singing very much, but he isn’t good at it.
— his brother Jim.
A. So does B. Neither is C. So it is D. Nor is
[解析] 考生容易误选A｡认为“So+be/助动词/情态动词+另一主语”表示“某人也……”｡如果B是正确答案的话,那么D也是正确的｡一般来说,当上文是两个分句或有两个不同的谓语动词,以及既有肯定又有否定的形式时,则常用“So it is/was +另一主语”或“It is/ was the same with+另一主语”句式来表示“……也是如此”的意思｡故正确答案为C｡如果去掉题干中的“but he isn’t good at it”,则A为正确答案｡
7. Kale’s mother had him his homework the whole afternoon yesterday.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
[解析] 考生易受“have sb do sth”结构的影响而误选A｡ have 是使役动词,其后应跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语｡而此题强调的是“(Kale)整个下午一直不停地做作业”,应用现在分词作宾语补足语,故正确答案为C｡
8. The doctor did what he could______the old woman at first.
A. to calm B. calming C. calms D. calm
[解析] 考生容易误选D,其依据为 could 是情态动词,其后应接动词原形｡但应注意题干中的 what 引导的从句作主句谓语动词 did 的宾语, could 后面省略了谓语动词 do,空白处应填不定式短语 to calm... 作目的状语,这样才符合题意｡故正确答案为A｡
9. We must make a contribution to______our hometown.
A. build B. builds C. building D. built
[解析] 考生容易误选A,其依据是 to 后面应跟动词原形｡但题干中的 to不是动词不定式符号,而是介词, make a contribution to 意为“为……作出贡献”,在其后应接动词的-ing形式,故正确答案为C｡
10. We had such an interesting book______you never read.
A. as B. that C. what D. which
[解析] 考生易受“...such... that...”句式的影响而误选B｡但题干中的 read 后面没有 it,由此推断空白处后面的从句应是一个定语从句,其先行词为 book,且被 such 所修饰,因此空白处应填关系代词 as,这样, as 引导定语从句并在定语从句中充当谓语动词 read 的宾语,故正确答案为A｡
1. Lin Tao can’t help______the trees for he is busy writing a letter now.
A. to plant B. planting
C. planted D. to be planted
[解析] 考生易受 can’t help doing sth 这一固定搭配的影响而误选B｡但题干中的 for 是个并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示因果关系,说明“林涛正忙于写信而不能帮助栽树”,因此空白处应填 to plant 才符合题意｡故正确答案为A｡
2. The boy with two girls______in the yard when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. was playing B. were playing
C. are playing D. is playing
[解析] 考生易受邻近谓语部分的复数名词短语 two girls 以及题意“那个男孩和两个女孩正在院子里玩耍……”的影响而误选B｡但此句的主语是 the boy,根据主谓一致原则,单数主语后面跟 with, except, together with 等引导的介词短语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式,故正确答案为A｡
3. Shenyang has a large population than______city in Jilin Province.
A. any B. other C. any other D. all
[解析] 考生易受“be+形容词比较级+than any other+比较对象”结构的影响而误选C｡但此题表示的比较范围不同,也就是说 Shenyang 不属于 Jilin Province｡故正确答案为A｡如果把题中的 Jilin 改为 Liaoning,则正确答案为C｡
4. The teacher is examining the composition I have just finished______the mistakes in it.
A. correcting B. to correct C. correct D. corrected
[解析] 考生易受 finish doing sth 结构的影响而误选A｡但题干中的 I have just finished 为省略了 that 的定语从句,其先行词是 composition｡由此推断,空白处应填动词不定式短语作目的状语,故正确答案为B｡
5. There is______sheep in the field over there.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
[解析] 考生容易误选B,其依据是可数名词 sheep 的单数和复数形式相同, few 虽然可以修饰可数名词,但具有否定意义,而 little, a little 修饰不可数名词, little 具有否定意义, a little 具有肯定意义｡但 a few sheep 具有复数意义,与句中的谓语动词 is 在数上不一致｡因此空白处应填 a little, little 表示“小”的意思,这样才符合题意｡故正确答案为D｡
6. —John likes singing very much, but he isn’t good at it.
— his brother Jim.
A. So does B. Neither is C. So it is D. Nor is
[解析] 考生容易误选A｡认为“So+be/助动词/情态动词+另一主语”表示“某人也……”｡如果B是正确答案的话,那么D也是正确的｡一般来说,当上文是两个分句或有两个不同的谓语动词,以及既有肯定又有否定的形式时,则常用“So it is/was +另一主语”或“It is/ was the same with+另一主语”句式来表示“……也是如此”的意思｡故正确答案为C｡如果去掉题干中的“but he isn’t good at it”,则A为正确答案｡
7. Kale’s mother had him his homework the whole afternoon yesterday.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
[解析] 考生易受“have sb do sth”结构的影响而误选A｡ have 是使役动词,其后应跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语｡而此题强调的是“(Kale)整个下午一直不停地做作业”,应用现在分词作宾语补足语,故正确答案为C｡
8. The doctor did what he could______the old woman at first.
A. to calm B. calming C. calms D. calm
[解析] 考生容易误选D,其依据为 could 是情态动词,其后应接动词原形｡但应注意题干中的 what 引导的从句作主句谓语动词 did 的宾语, could 后面省略了谓语动词 do,空白处应填不定式短语 to calm... 作目的状语,这样才符合题意｡故正确答案为A｡
9. We must make a contribution to______our hometown.
A. build B. builds C. building D. built
[解析] 考生容易误选A,其依据是 to 后面应跟动词原形｡但题干中的 to不是动词不定式符号,而是介词, make a contribution to 意为“为……作出贡献”,在其后应接动词的-ing形式,故正确答案为C｡
10. We had such an interesting book______you never read.
A. as B. that C. what D. which
[解析] 考生易受“...such... that...”句式的影响而误选B｡但题干中的 read 后面没有 it,由此推断空白处后面的从句应是一个定语从句,其先行词为 book,且被 such 所修饰,因此空白处应填关系代词 as,这样, as 引导定语从句并在定语从句中充当谓语动词 read 的宾语,故正确答案为A｡