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动脉粥样硬化病变的特征为:内膜平滑肌细胞增生,损伤的内膜层被转变为巨噬细胞的单核细胞侵入,和大量结缔组织基质(包括胶原、蛋白多糖和弹力纤维)与大量脂质的积聚。在早期病变中,多数脂质为细胞内的胆固醇酯。胆固醇酯小滴可以在病变中的“泡沫细胞”中见到,后者以其脂质小滴内涵物在显微镜下呈空泡样外观而得名。在更进一步的病变中,也可以见到未酯化的胆固醇结晶,出现细胞坏死,并在细胞内和细胞外均找到脂质。
Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by: proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells, damage to the intima layer is transformed into macrophage monocyte invasion, and a large number of connective tissue matrix (including collagen, proteoglycan and elastic fibers) with a large number of fat The accumulation of quality. In early lesions, most lipids are intracellular cholesterol esters. Cholesteryl ester droplets can be seen in the “foam cells” in the lesion, which is named for its vacuole-like content that appears as a vacuole-like appearance under the microscope. In a further lesion, unesterified cholesterol crystals can also be seen, necrosis of the cells occurs, and lipids are found both intracellularly and extracellularly.