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目的了解深圳市福田区印刷业的职业卫生管理现状,查明职业卫生服务的有效需求。方法对所有已向卫生监督部门申报的144家印刷企业,使用自行设计的《印刷企业作业场所职业危害调查表》进行调查。结果被调查企业职业卫生措施的落实率为4.9%~79.9%。91.7%企业有通风排毒设施,主要为排气扇;仅23家企业为劳动者配备了耳塞。全部企业均存在生产过程中使用化学品的情况;93.8%企业存在噪声作业。企业工作场所职业病危害因素总超标率为33.3%,其中化学毒物超标率为22.6%,噪声超标率为44.8%;民营企业与三资企业超标率均高于国有企业超标率(P<0.05);企业规模越小超标率越高(P<0.01)。结论福田区印刷业职业卫生管理状况不容乐观,中小型的民营企业和三资企业是监督管理的重点。
Objective To understand the status of occupational health management in printing industry in Futian District, Shenzhen and to find out the effective demand of occupational health services. Methods All 144 printing enterprises which have already reported to the health supervision department were investigated by using the self-designed “Occupational Hazards Survey Form in the Printing Enterprise Workplace”. Results The implementation rate of occupational health measures in the investigated enterprises was 4.9% ~ 79.9%. 91.7% of enterprises have ventilation and detoxification facilities, mainly exhaust fans; only 23 enterprises are equipped with earplugs for workers. All enterprises have the use of chemicals in the production process; 93.8% of the enterprises have noise operations. The total over-standard rate of occupational hazards in enterprises was 33.3%, of which the over-standard rate of chemical poison was 22.6% and the noise over-standard rate was 44.8%. The over-standard rates of private-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises were all higher than those of state-owned enterprises (P <0.05). The smaller the scale of enterprises, the higher the standard rate (P <0.01). Conclusion Futian District, occupational health management status of the printing industry is not optimistic, small and medium-sized private-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises is the focus of supervision and management.