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炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种与免疫相关的肠道慢性炎性疾病，患者通常需要接受免疫抑制剂或生物制剂等治疗。然而IBD疾病及治疗过程中的用药可能会伴发或导致血液系统疾病，尤其是血液系统恶性肿瘤的发病风险升高。鉴于临床病例较为匮乏，目前IBD合并血液系统疾病的特点尚不够明确。本文就IBD合并血液系统疾病，尤其是IBD合并骨髓增生异常综合征、白血病、淋巴瘤的诊断及治疗策略作一概述。“,”Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immunity-mediated chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. Immunosuppressive agents and biological agents are commonly used in the treatment of IBD. However, the risk of hematological diseases, especially hematological malignancies, might be increased in IBD patients. But the characteristics of IBD coexisted with hematological diseases remain unclear due to limited number of clinical cases. This article aims to summarize the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of IBD complicated with hematological diseases, especially IBD with myelodysplastic syndrome, leukemia and lymphoma.