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采用常规根尖压片法对4个石榴品种的染色体数目进行了统计,并进行了核型分析。旨在了解品种间演化关系,为石榴品种间分类研究提供细胞学依据。结果表明:4个石榴品种的染色体数都为18,且核型不对称性类型均为2B型,说明4个品种间的染色体核型变异不大。但核型仍然存在一定的差异,芽变新品种白玉和其母本的核型公式相似,说明两者亲缘关系较近,但母本的臂比大于2的染色体占11.11%,而白玉为22.22%,说明前者较后者原始。大笨子与玉石籽的核型公式具有一定的相似性,说明两者之间亲缘关系也较近。单就臂比大于2的比例来看,芽变新品种白玉较其它3个品种进化。从核型来看,白玉及其母本比另2个品种的核型不对称性强。4个石榴品种的染色体都具有随体,且随体位置相同,但是随体大小稍有不同。4个石榴品种的染色体总体积亦不相同。
The number of chromosomes in four pomegranate cultivars was calculated by conventional tip compression method and the karyotype analysis was carried out. The purpose is to understand the evolutionary relationship among cultivars and to provide a cytological basis for the classification of pomegranate cultivars. The results showed that the chromosome numbers of four pomegranate cultivars were all 18, and the asymmetry type of 2B was 2B, which indicated that the variation of chromosome karyotype among the four cultivars was not significant. However, there are still some differences in karyotype. The karyotype formulas of the new varieties of white buds and their female parents are similar, which indicates that the karyotypes of the new varieties are close, but the chromosomes with the arm ratio greater than 2 are 11.11%, while the white ones are 22.22 %, Indicating the former than the latter original. Big stupid and jade seed karyotype formula has a certain similarity, indicating that the genetic relationship between the two closer. The ratio of single arm to greater than 2, the new varieties of white jade buds evolved more than the other three varieties. From the karyotype point of view, white jade and its mother than the other two species karyotype asymmetry. The chromosomes of 4 pomegranate cultivars all have subsites, with the same positions of satellites, but with slightly different sizes. Four pomegranate varieties of the total chromosome size is not the same.