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目的了解老年人吸烟的流行病学状况及吸烟后对肺功能的影响。方法对辽宁省六城市部分社区的60岁以上老年人采用统一问卷调查及体检,总结相关的流行病学特征,并经筛选和剔除后,对4 168例吸烟者及3 598例非吸烟者进行肺功能测定。结果 60岁以上老年人吸烟者占到同年龄人群的30.89%。吸烟者的肺功能指标低于非吸烟者:肺容积指标残气量(RV)/肺总量(TCL)比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05);肺通气功能指标一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1用力肺活量(FVC)%比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05);反映小气道功能的指标MMEF比较有显著性差异(P<0.001),而且其降低程度与年龄呈正相关。结论吸烟对老年人肺功能的损伤不容忽视,应尽早戒烟,保护老年人的肺功能。
Objective To understand the epidemiological status of smoking in the elderly and the effects on lung function after smoking. Methods A total of 4 168 old smokers and 3 598 non-smokers were surveyed and examined by using questionnaire and physical examination in some communities of six cities in Liaoning Province. The epidemiological characteristics were summarized and screened and removed. Pulmonary function tests. Results The smokers over the age of 60 accounted for 30.89% of the same age group. Smokers had lower lung function than non-smokers: There were significant differences in RV volume (RV) / total lung volume (TCL) between the two groups (P <0.05); pulmonary ventilatory function was one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1 (FVC)%, there was a significant difference (P <0.05). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between the index of small airway function and MMEF, and the degree of decrease was positively correlated with age. Conclusion Smoking can not neglect the lung function of the elderly. Smoking should be stopped as soon as possible to protect the lung function of the elderly.