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单模光纤只传输基模即HE_(11)模,但因光纤内部结构不完善或外部环境扰动,会使两个简并的HE_(11x)、HE_(11y)模分离,出现单模光纤双折射现象,它使不同偏振方向的电磁模式具有不同相速,导致传输光波的偏振演化现象.这种单模光纤双折射特性在高速光纤通信系统中会因偏振色散而限制传输码速,在相干通信系统中会造成极化噪声,在集成光路中会影响光纤与光波导的耦合效率,而在光纤传感技术中又能用来进行各种物理量的传感检测,因此深入研究单模光纤的偏振传输特性兼有理论与应用两方面的意义.
The single mode fiber only transmits the HE_ (11) mode, but the two degenerated HE_ (11x) and HE_ (11y) modes are separated due to the imperfect internal structure of the fiber or the disturbance of the external environment. Single mode fiber double Refraction phenomenon, which makes the different polarization directions of electromagnetic modes have different phase velocities, resulting in the transmission of light polarization evolution phenomenon. This single-mode fiber birefringence properties in high-speed optical fiber communication system due to polarization dispersion and limit the transmission code rate, Polarization noise will be caused in the communication system, which will affect the coupling efficiency of the optical fiber and the optical waveguide in the integrated optical path. However, in the optical fiber sensing technology, it can also be used for sensing various physical quantities. Therefore, Polarization transmission characteristics of both theory and application of significance.