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世界文学研究在20世纪90年代兴起并非偶然,在全球化的进程中,有必要重新认识世界文学的历史地位。本文重温了爱瑞赫·奥尔巴赫(Erich Auerbach,1892—1957)的《语文学和世界文学》(1952),指出世界文学的思想和实践源于语文学(philology)的传统。启蒙时期蓬勃发展的人文主义带来了知识生产上的革命,催生了一场以人为对象和中心的知识再造运动。现代学术在其成形的早期就已认识到语言在人的社会经验中不可或缺的重要地位,语文学因此成为人文学科中极为重要的一支。世界文学的思想和实践正是在这样的背景下出现的。本文强调世界文学是西方现代性的产物,是人文主义在文学领域的自我表述。今天我们讨论世界文学,不必将其定义为独立的学科门类,而是应该清楚地梳理和解读世界文学与民族文学的关系,充分认识到当今全球化条件下文学研究的意义和价值。本文有以下两个主要的目的:(1)将世界文学的思想和实践回归人文主义和人文知识的传统,重现其纵深的历史感和丰富的思想资源;(2)以奥尔巴赫的个例说明文化上的统一化、标准化和摒弃多元的危害,同时指出世界文学的思想和实践有助于我们重新认识民族文学的内涵以及世界文学和民族文学两者间的关系。
It is no accident that the study of world literature started in the 1990s. In the process of globalization, it is necessary to re-understand the historical status of world literature. This paper reviews Erhu Auerbach’s (1892-1957) “Linguistics and World Literature” (1952), pointing out that the ideas and practices of world literature stem from the philology tradition. The thriving humanism in the Enlightenment brought about the revolution in knowledge production, which gave birth to a people-centered and knowledge-regenerating movement. In the early days of its formation, modern scholars have realized the indispensable position of language in human social experience. Therefore, Chinese literature has become an extremely important one in humanities. It is against this backdrop that the ideas and practices of world literature emerged. This article emphasizes that world literature is the product of the western modernity and the self-expression of humanism in the field of literature. Today, we discuss world literature without defining it as an independent branch of science. Instead, we should sort out and interpret the relationship between world literature and national literature clearly and fully recognize the significance and value of literature research under the current conditions of globalization. This paper has two main purposes: (1) to return the thinking and practice of world literature to the tradition of humanism and humanistic knowledge, to reproduce its deep sense of history and rich resources of thought; (2) to Auerbach’s It also shows that the thought and practice of world literature help us to re-understand the connotation of national literature and the relationship between world literature and national literature.