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近年来随着我国核电事业的发展,核电站的运行对其周围居民健康状况的影响越来越受到关注。该文对我国在运行的浙江秦山、广东大亚湾和江苏田湾核电站周围居民在核电站运行前后的健康状况(包括居民核电认知、核焦虑状况、居民期望寿命、死因分析、恶性肿瘤发病及死亡情况、儿童健康状况和新生儿出生缺陷等)进行综述。结果认为目前我国各核电站的正常运行没有对周围人群的健康带来不利影响,未发现异常的疾病流行及变动。同时提出在我国核电事业迅猛发展的形势下,建立健全健康监测网络,获得核电站从选址至退役多个时期周围人群健康水平基础性国情资料,是做好核事故医学应急准备的重要一环。
In recent years, with the development of China’s nuclear power industry, the impact of the operation of nuclear power plants on the health status of the residents around them has drawn more and more attention. The paper analyzes the health condition of residents around Qinshan in Zhejiang, Daya Bay in Guangdong and Tianwan in Jiangsu before and after the operation of NPP (including nuclear power knowledge, nuclear anxiety, life expectancy, cause of death, incidence and death of malignant tumor , Child health status and neonatal birth defects, etc.) were reviewed. The result shows that the normal operation of all NPPs in our country has not adversely affected the health of the surrounding population and no abnormal epidemics and changes have been found. At the same time, it is proposed that under the situation of the rapid development of nuclear power in our country, setting up and improving the health monitoring network and obtaining the basic national conditions information of the health level of surrounding population from the selection of sites to the decommissioning are important part of medical emergency preparedness for nuclear accident.