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考虑一个两级供应链系统,其中风险中性的供应商的产出不确定,损失规避的零售商面临着随机市场需求。研究发现,对于具有损失规避零售商的供应链系统,收益共享合约和回购合约能够使得供应链达到协调,并且这两种舍约是等价的。讨论了零售商的损失规避程度和现货市场价格对其最优订货量的影响。对于任一给定的收益共享或回购供货合约,零售商的订货量随着损失规避程度的增加而减小。系统最优的订货量随着现货市场价格的增加而减小,但投产量与现货市场价格并不具有单调关系。此外,为了达到供应链协调,供应商需要让零售商获取更多的利润。
Consider a two-level supply chain system in which the output of the risk-neutral suppliers is uncertain and the loss-avoiding retailers face the random market demand. The study finds that, for a supply chain system with a loss-averse retailer, revenue-sharing contracts and buy-back contracts enable the supply chain to be reconciled, and the two rounds are equivalent. The effect of retailer’s loss avoidance and spot market price on its optimal order quantity is discussed. For any given revenue sharing or repo supply contract, the retailer’s order quantity decreases as the degree of damage avoidance increases. The optimal order quantity of the system decreases with the increase of the spot market price, but the quantity put into production and the spot market price do not have a monotonic relationship. In addition, suppliers need to make retailers more profitable in order to achieve supply chain coordination.