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三价镧系(Lns(Ⅲ))与锕系(Ans(Ⅲ))分离是核工业高放废液处理过程中十分重要的环节。由于两者物理化学性质极为相近,分离难度很大,Lns(Ⅲ)与Ans(Ⅲ)的分离被公认为是最具挑战性的课题之一,迄今尚未得到满意解决。为实现两者的分离,技术上有两条途径可供选择:一是开发对Ans(Ⅲ)有高选择性的脂溶性萃取剂;二是开发对Ans(Ⅲ)有良好配位性质的水溶性配体。近年来,这两方面研究都已取得了较大进展。就后者而言,发现一些水溶性酰胺和吡啶衍生物、氨羧络合剂等配体对Ans(Ⅲ)有很好的选择性。它们已作为Ans(Ⅲ)的反萃剂或掩蔽剂用于Lns(Ⅲ)与Ans(Ⅲ)的分离。为此,本文就这些水溶性配体在对Lns(Ⅲ)和Ans(Ⅲ)萃取的影响、配合物组成与结构以及配位反应热力学性质等研究方面取得的进展进行综述,并对进一步的研究工作提出了一些建议。
Separation of trivalent lanthanide (Lns (Ⅲ)) and actinide (Ans (Ⅲ)) is a very important step in the process of nuclear industry high-level liquid waste. Because of their close physicochemical properties and the difficulty of separation, the separation between Lns (III) and Ans (III) has been recognized as one of the most challenging topics and so far has not been satisfactorily solved. In order to realize the separation of the two, there are two technical options to choose from: one is the development of a fat-soluble extractant with high selectivity for Ans (III); the other is the development of a water-soluble Sexual ligands. In recent years, great progress has been made in both aspects. In the latter case, it was found that some water-soluble amide and pyridine derivatives, ammonia carboxylate complex ligand Ans (Ⅲ) has a good selectivity. They have been used as Ans (III) stripping agent or masking agent for the separation of Lns (III) and Ans (III). In this paper, the progress of these water-soluble ligands on the extraction of Lns (Ⅲ) and Ans (Ⅲ), the composition and structure of the complexes and the thermodynamic properties of the coordination reaction are reviewed in this paper. Work made some suggestions.