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宏观上的构造破碎现象,经常是野外确定断裂存在的标志.然而,有一些断裂带往往没有宏观的脆性破碎带,而是表现为塑性断裂或塑性变形带.这不仅给野外填图带来困难,也经常成为一些重大区域地质构造问题争论的焦点.现以西北地区两条著名的深大断裂带为例,扼要讨论塑性断裂和断裂的塑性变形带及有关问题.一、阿奇克库都克断裂该断裂由新疆地质局区域地质调查队命名,并作为晚古生代地槽褶皱带与中天山隆起带的分界.但另一些地质工作者认为,中天山地层仍属古生界(以下古生界为主),并且由于断裂迹象不明显,以致否认该断裂的存在.在新疆鄯善南部该断裂通过处在航空照片和卫星照片上都显示出清楚的直线状负地形影象.实地检查,断裂所在位置的沟谷一般宽200-500米,全为第四系覆盖(图1).沿
However, there are some faults that are often not macroscopically brittle, but behave as plastic fracture or plastic deformation zone, which not only brings difficulties to the field mapping , It also often becomes the focus of some controversies over the geologic structure of major regions.According to two well-known deep faults in Northwest China, the plastic deformation zones and related problems of plastic fractures and faults are briefly discussed. The fault was named after the regional geological survey team of the Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and serves as the boundary between the Late Paleozoic geosyncline fold belt and the central Tianshan uplift belt, but other geologists believe that the Middle Tianshan strata are still Paleozoic World), and because of the lack of obvious signs of faults, the existence of the fault was denied.This fault showed clear linear negative terrain images in the aerial photos and satellite photos in the southern part of Shanshan in Xinjiang.Field inspection, The location of the fault where the valley is generally 200-500 meters wide, all for the Quaternary coverage (Figure 1) along