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目的了解镇安县2005-2014年肺结核流行病学特征,为完善和制定肺结核防控策略提供依据。方法对镇安县2005-2014年肺结核疫情报告资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果镇安县2005-2014年肺结核年均报告发病率为80.26/10万,死亡率为0.04/10万;1~3月报告病例较多,有较明显的季节性;发病年龄主要集中在15~岁和35~岁组人群,占发病总数的98.24%;发病以男性为主,男女发病比为2.76∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 524,P<0.01);职业以农民发病最多,占78.45%,其次为学生,占8.56%;发病数较多的分别是永乐镇、米粮镇、柴坪镇,分别占发病总的15.14%、13.13%、10.58%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=158.84,P<0.01)。结论镇安县肺结核发病呈逐年下降趋势,成年男性农民是肺结核发病的高发人群,今后的防控策略和重点仍应放在农村。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhen’an County from 2005 to 2014 and provide the basis for the improvement and formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of the data of pulmonary tuberculosis outbreak in Zhen’an county from 2005 to 2014 was conducted. Results The annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhen’an County from 2005 to 2014 was 80.26 / 100 000 with a mortality rate of 0.04 / 100 000. There were more cases reported from January to March, with obvious seasonal changes. The age of onset mainly concentrated in 15 ~ Year-old and 35-year-old group, accounting for 98.24% of the total number of cases; male-dominated incidence, male-female incidence ratio was 2.76: 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 1 524, P <0.01) Accounting for 78.45%, followed by students, accounting for 8.56%; Yongle Town, Mileu Town and Chapeling Town accounted for the highest incidence, accounting for 15.14%, 13.13% and 10.58% of the total incidence, respectively, with no statistical difference Significance (χ ~ 2 = 158.84, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis in Zhen’an County is decreasing year by year. Adult male farmers are the high incidence of tuberculosis. The prevention and control strategies and priorities in the future should be placed in rural areas.