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明永乐朝建造北京城,在皇城内宫城外建造了诸多内门,以增强警戒、整肃皇城。这些门楼大部分在清代消失了,但作为明代皇城建筑制度的一个重要部分,厘清其建筑方位和形制,无疑是研究明代皇宫制度、恢复明代皇城宫殿格局的重要内容。文章通过梳理相关文献,对明代皇城诸内门的历史沿革、建筑功能以及皇城的空间格局进行了分析,并借助舆图和历史图像,考证了各门的位置、朝向与建筑形制,并对各门楼之间是否存在墙垣提出了推断。
Ming Yongle built Beijing city in the imperial city inside the palace built a lot of internal doors to enhance vigilance, purging the imperial city. Most of these gatehouses disappeared in the Qing Dynasty. However, as an important part of Ming Dynasty imperial architecture, clarifying the orientation and shape of the buildings was undoubtedly an important part of studying the Ming Dynasty palace system and restoring the palace structure of Ming Dynasty Imperial Palace. By combing the related literatures, the article analyzes the historical evolution, the architectural function and the imperial city’s spatial pattern of the imperial cities in the Ming Dynasty, and uses the maps and the historical images to verify the position, direction and architectural form of each gate. The existence of wall between the gate made the inference.