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西北地区是我国宜农宜牧荒地最多的地区,在西北进行农业综合开发,光热生产潜力巨大,适合大面积机械耕种,灌溉系统稳定,具有很多优势。但是由于干燥少雨的干旱生态特点,造成水份缺乏、土地贫瘠、植物稀疏、灾害频繁等自然环境问题。干旱的气候条件使地表物质处于强物理风化与弱化学风化的作用下,形成沙漠、戈壁的地表景观。干旱缺水是我国西北地区水资源面临的主要问题,已成为制约经济持续发展和社会不断进步的重要因素。本文作者分析了西部地区灾情,探讨了干旱出现频率高、持续时间长、影响范围广、经济损失重等特点,并根据国家实施西部大开发的战略,针对西北地区的具体情况提出了相应对策。——编者
Northwest China is the most suitable agricultural and pastoral areas in China. Comprehensive agricultural development in the northwest has great potential for photothermal production. It is suitable for large-scale mechanical cultivation and stable irrigation system with many advantages. However, due to dry and rainless drought ecological characteristics, it causes natural environment problems such as lack of water, poor soil, sparse plants and frequent disasters. Arid climatic conditions make the surface material in the role of strong physical weathering and weak chemical weathering, the formation of the desert, Gobi surface landscape. Drought and water shortage are the major problems that water resources in Northwest China are facing and have become an important factor that restricts the sustained economic development and social progress. The author analyzed the disasters in the western region, discussed the characteristics of high frequency, long duration, extensive impact and heavy economic losses in the western regions. According to the national strategy of implementing the western development, the author put forward corresponding countermeasures for the specific situations in the northwest. --editor