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目的:黄芩药材野生品与栽培品性状显微特征差异性比较。方法:药材外观性状比对,根横切面,粉末和解离组织显微特征比对,显微测量和统计学分析。结果:在外观性状区别:野生黄芩外表粗糙,色泽较深,栓皮脱落状,质地较轻,老根中心常枯朽状或中空;栽培黄芩一般较细,色泽较浅,外皮紧贴,有细纵纹,质地较重。显微组织区别:野生黄芩根横切面木质部导管呈切向排列,1~2年生栽培黄芩的导管呈径向排列;栽培黄芩的韧皮纤维和石细胞都较野生品大,经t检验,黄芩野生品和栽培品在韧皮纤维直径、石细胞的长径和短径有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:黄芩野生品和栽培品在药材性状和显微组织上存在差异,外观性状的差异和木质部导管的排列方式可以做为两者的鉴别特征。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the microscopic characteristics of the wild and cultivated products of Astragalus membranaceus. Methods: Appearance traits comparison of herbs, cross-section of roots, comparison of microscopic characteristics of powder and dissociated tissue, microscopic measurement and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Differences in appearance characteristics: wild jaundice was rough in appearance, dark in color, exfoliated in cork, lighter in texture, often rotted or hollow in the center of old roots; cultivated jaundice was generally fine, light in color, and the skin was tightly attached. Lines, heavy texture. Microstructural differences: The xylem vessels of the roots of wild Astragalus roots were arranged in a tangential direction, and the catheters of astragalus cultivated from 1 to 2 years were arranged in a radial direction; the bast fibers and stone cells of Astragalus membranaceus were larger than those of wild products. There were significant differences in bast fiber diameters, major and minor diameters of stone cells between wild and cultivated products (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: There are differences in the traits and microstructure of the wild and cultivated products of Astragalus membranaceus. The differences in appearance traits and the arrangement of the xylem vessels can be used as the discriminating features of the two.