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目的通过对流动人群进行麻风病检查和健康教育干预,提高该人群对麻风病基本知识的知晓率,及时在流动人群中发现疑似病人,并为在流动人群中开展麻风病健康教育提供参考依据。方法选择流动人群相对集中地区的城镇和大中型企业,利用三级防治网络发放麻风病基本知识宣传资料和张贴宣传画,并配合广播和电视等媒体进行麻风病知识讲座,以不记名调查问卷的方式获取目标人群在健康教育干预前后的麻风病相关知识及行为态度,并对上报的可疑病人进行检查,评价干预效果。结果健康教育能有效地提高该人群对麻风病的认识并能转变部分态度,歧视麻风病病人和治愈者的比例从健康教育前的19.9%降至健康教育后的14.9%(χ2=13.54,P<0.01),愿意跟往常一样和他们交往的人数也较健康教育前增加了29.8%;但是在怀疑自己患上麻风病后,存在侥幸心理和不想让别人知道的人群间差异无统计学意义。结论对流动人群进行麻风病检查和健康教育干预能有效地提高他们对麻风病的认识,并能起到一定的社会宣传作用,有利于早期发现麻风病,应长期坚持开展对该人群的健康教育干预工作。
Objective To improve the awareness rate of leprosy patients about leprosy by analyzing the leprosy examination and health education intervention among the floating population, find the suspected patients in the floating population in time, and provide a reference for the health education of leprosy among the floating population. Methods The towns, medium and large-sized enterprises with relatively concentrated floating population were selected. Third-level prevention and control network was used to disseminate the basic knowledge of leprosy and posters, and lectures on leprosy were conducted with media such as radio and television. Ways to obtain the target population before and after health education interventions leprosy related knowledge and behavior attitude, and report the suspicious patients to check and evaluate the intervention effect. Results Health education could effectively improve the population awareness of leprosy and change some attitudes. The proportion of patients with leprosy discrimination and cure decreased from 19.9% before health education to 14.9% after health education (χ2 = 13.54, P <0.01). The number of people willing to contact with them as usual was also 29.8% higher than that before health education. However, there was no statistically significant difference between those who suspected that they had leprosy, chances and do not want others to know. Conclusion Leprosy examination and health education intervention for floating population can effectively raise their awareness of leprosy and can play a role of publicity for the public so as to facilitate early detection of leprosy. Health education for this population should be persisted in the long run Intervention work.