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近年来,基础教育均等化问题一直是社会关心的重要问题之一。本研究以杭州、绍兴、金华、台州、温州5个地级市的小学教育为研究对象,研究发现小学教育普遍存在着学校布局不合理、需求大于供给、政府投入不足、普遍收取择校费、民工子弟就学难等问题,这主要归因于地方财政分权和地方政府竞争导致的公共品供给的扭曲。为此,应该合理规划布局学校,加大基础设施等硬件以及师资等软件的投入,学校分等分类管理,名牌小学实行市场化运营,加大政府对普通小学的投入力度,尤其应该为那些基础薄弱的小学提供专项资金补助,降低民工子女入学门槛,规范地方政府行为,保证教育资源等公共品的充分供给,从而实现基础教育的均等化。
In recent years, the issue of equalization of basic education has always been one of the important issues of social concern. This study takes primary education in five prefecture-level cities of Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Taizhou and Wenzhou as research objects. It is found that there are many problems in primary education such as unreasonable school layout, more demand than supply, insufficient government investment, Migrant workers’ children have difficulty attending school because of distortions in the supply of public goods resulting from the decentralization of local finance and competition from local governments. To this end, it is necessary to rationally plan and layout schools, increase the input of hardware such as infrastructure and software for teachers, classify and classify schools, conduct market-oriented operation in prestigious primary schools and increase the government’s investment in ordinary primary schools, especially those basics Weak primary schools provide subsidies for special funds to lower the barriers to entry for migrant workers, standardize local government behavior and ensure the full supply of public goods such as educational resources so as to achieve equalization of basic education.