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Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and includes two major phenotypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood as of yet. It is believed that IBD results from complicated interactions between environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and immune disorders. mi RNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of specific m RNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. mi RNAs are considered to play crucial regulatory roles in many biologic processes, such as immune cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recently, aberrant expression of mi RNAs was revealed to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how mi RNAs regulate autoimmunity and inflammation by affecting the differentiation, maturation, and function of various immune cells. In particular, we focus on describing specific mi RNA expression profiles in tissues and peripheral blood that may be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, we summarize the opportunities for utilizing mi RNAs as new biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and includes two major phenotypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood as of yet. It is believed that IBD results from complicated interactions between environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and immune disorders. mi RNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated region of specific m RNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. to play crucial regulatory roles in many biologic processes, such as immune cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recently, aberrant expression of mi RNAs was revealed to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. review, we discuss the current understanding of how mi RNAs regulate autoimmunity and inflammatio n by affecting the differentiation, maturation, and function of various immune cells. In particular, we focus on describing specific mi RNA expression profiles in tissues and peripheral blood that may be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. utilizing mi RNAs as new biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.