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基因调控、信号转导通路异常均可引起细胞增殖失控,导致肿瘤发生。肿瘤细胞对化疗药物耐药是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。细胞内药物有效浓度的降低、DNA损伤的修复障碍、基因的突变及异常表达、信号转导通路的异常等均参与了肿瘤细胞的多药耐药。张力蛋白同源10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶基因(phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosometen gene,PTEN)是具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,在多种肿瘤细胞中异常表达,主要通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR(mammalian targetof rapamycin,mTOR)等多种信号转导通路参与细胞的增殖、凋亡及化疗耐药。因此,上调野生型PTEN的表达,或使用PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制剂,可逆转肿瘤细胞的多药耐药,提高传统化疗的疗效。
Gene regulation, abnormal signal transduction pathways can cause uncontrolled cell proliferation, leading to tumorigenesis. Tumor cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs is the main cause of death of cancer patients. The decrease of effective concentration of intracellular drugs, the repair of DNA damage, the gene mutation and abnormal expression, the abnormality of signal transduction pathway and so on are all involved in the multidrug resistance of tumor cells. Tensin homology deleted chromosome phosphatase gene (phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten gene, PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene with phosphatase activity, abnormal expression in a variety of tumor cells, mainly through the inhibition of PI3K / Akt / mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR) and other signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and chemoresistance. Therefore, upregulation of wild-type PTEN expression, or the use of PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors, can reverse the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy.