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大卫·李嘉图是在发展亚当·斯密绝对优势理论的基础上,提出了比较优势学说,指出决定国际贸易的因素两个而国家的相对劳动成本,而不是绝对劳动成本。用一般均衡分析方法说明贸易利益。因为贸易利益不仅体现为生产效益――产出水平与产出结构的变化,而且还体现为消费效应――消费水平与消费结构的变动。
On the basis of developing Adam Smith’s theory of absolute superiority, David Ricardo proposed the theory of comparative advantage and pointed out that the relative cost of labor, rather than absolute labor cost, determines the two factors of international trade and the country. Use general equilibrium analysis to illustrate trade benefits. Because trade interests not only reflect the production efficiency - the output level and output structure changes, but also reflected in the consumption effect - changes in consumption levels and consumption structure.