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目的了解灾后1 a地震灾区小学生抑郁症状发生情况及其影响因素,为指导灾区小学生心理干预提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法在四川省青川县根据距离医疗点远近随机选择3所小学三～六年级所有班级的在校学生897名。采用儿童抑郁量表(CD I)进行评定。结果抑郁症状检出率为26.5%,其中男生为29.5%,女生为23.2%,差异有统计学意义(2χ=4.36,P=0.038);小学生家庭在地震后接受过社会捐助的,其抑郁症状检出率为25.0%,未接受过捐助为38.5%,差异有统计学意义(2χ=8.067,P<0.01)。结论灾区儿童的心理健康重建仍是一项长期而又艰巨的任务,应尽早开展小学生的心理健康教育,进一步加大社会援助力度,援助时要考虑地域和资源的平衡性。
Objective To understand the incidence of depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among primary school students in the earthquake-stricken area during the earthquake-hit period of 1 a and provide reference for guiding the psychological intervention of primary school students in disaster areas. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 897 enrolled students of all three grades from the third grade to the sixth grade randomly in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province according to the distance from the medical point. Children’s depression scale (CDI) was used for assessment. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 26.5%, with 29.5% for boys and 23.2% for girls, the difference was statistically significant (2χ = 4.36, P = 0.038). The families of primary students who received social donations after the earthquake had depressive symptoms The detection rate was 25.0%, and the donation was 38.5%, the difference was statistically significant (2χ = 8.067, P <0.01). Conclusion It is a long-term and arduous task to rebuild the mental health of children in disaster-stricken areas. Education for mental health of pupils should be carried out as early as possible so as to further increase social assistance. The assistance should be based on regional and resource balance.