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以新鲜牛粪(X)、腐解牛粪(F)、蛴螬处理过的牛粪(Q)为供试材料,采用密闭装置进行室内培养以模拟施肥效应,研究不同处理牛粪与氮肥混配后氨气释放规律,及其影响因子温度、水分、pH对牛粪与尿素混配后氨挥发的影响。结果表明:(1)不同氮肥种类与牛粪配施氨挥发存在差异,添加尿素处理明显高于硫酸铵、氯化铵,且X>F>Q。(2)随着温度的升高,牛粪的氨气释放量增加。温度在25~35℃时,各处理氨气累积释放量均大于低温15℃;15℃时牛粪氨气释放规律呈现前期少后期多趋势,25℃和35℃则是呈先增加后降低变化。(3)不同酸碱度条件下,各处理牛粪氨气释放量不同,具体差异表现为:新鲜牛粪氨气累积释放量为pH 7>pH 5>pH 9;腐解牛粪为pH 5>pH 7>pH 9;蛴螬牛粪为pH 9>pH 5>pH 7。(4)当含水量为50%~70%时,各牛粪处理氨气累积释放量均显著高于10%~30%。含水量为50%时,腐解牛粪、蛴螬牛粪处理氨挥发累积量最大;含水量70%时,新鲜牛粪氨挥发最多。
The fresh cow dung (X), decomposed cow dung (F) and the dung cow dung (Q) were used as test materials, and were cultured in airtight chamber to simulate the effect of fertilization. Ammonia release and the influence factors of temperature, moisture and pH on the ammonia volatilization after mixed with cow dung and urea. The results showed that: (1) The ammonia volatilization was different between different nitrogenous fertilizer types and cow dung. The addition of urea was significantly higher than that of ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride, and X> F> Q. (2) With the increase of temperature, ammonia release from cow dung increased. When the temperature was between 25 and 35 ℃, the cumulative ammonia release of each treatment was greater than the low temperature of 15 ℃. When the temperature was 15 ℃, the ammonia release of cattle manure tended to be more in the later period than that in the late period, while it increased first and then decreased at 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ . (3) Under different pH and pH conditions, ammonia emissions from different manure treatments were different, the specific differences were as follows: cumulative ammonia release from fresh cow manure was pH 7> pH 5> pH 9; 7> pH 9; 蛴 螬 Cow dung is pH 9> pH 5> pH 7. (4) When the moisture content is 50% ~ 70%, the cumulative ammonia release of each cow manure treatment is significantly higher than 10% ~ 30%. When the water content was 50%, the decomposition of cow dung was the most, and the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization was the highest in the treatment of cow dung, while the ammonia volatilization was the most in fresh cow dung when the water content was 70%.