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目的:探讨影响飞行人员缺氧耐力的相关因素。方法:选择在我中心疗养的男性飞行人员144例,使用抗荷抗缺氧能力检测仪的抗缺氧耐力检测模块进行缺氧耐力检测与训练。利用7.1%氧浓度的氮氧混合气(通过提高吸入气体氮浓度、降低氧浓度模拟7500m高原氧环境),评估飞行人员抗缺氧耐力。评估结束后,记录飞行人员缺氧有效意识时间以及评估过程中的自觉症状。以缺氧有效意识时间为因变量,以机种、年龄、飞行时间以及飞行员相关生理指标为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,分析影响缺氧有效意识时间的相关因素。结果:参训144例飞行人员最终有效意识时间为(197.3±61.9)s。评估过程中,多数飞行人员出现下列两个或两个以上不适症状:胸闷、心悸、头晕、眼花、头部发热、头胀、手麻、全身发热、冷汗、全身无力以及其他症状;评估过程中无明显症状6例(4.2%)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,驻地标高是影响缺氧有效意识时间最重要的因素(P<0.01);年龄与缺氧有效意识时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05);飞行时间与缺氧有效意识时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05);而机种、基础平均动脉压、基础心率及血氧饱和度与缺氧有效意识时间相关不显著(P>0.05)。结论:驻地海拔越高,飞行员缺氧有效意识时间越长;飞行员年龄越大、飞行时间越长,缺氧有效意识时间越短。
Objective: To explore the relevant factors that affect the aerobic endurance of pilots. Methods: A total of 144 male males were enrolled in our center. The anoikis endurance testing module was used to detect and train the hypoxia endurance. The aerobic performance of pilots was evaluated using a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with a 7.1% oxygen concentration (by increasing the nitrogen concentration in the inhaled gas and reducing the oxygen concentration to simulate a 7500 m altitude algal oxygen environment). After the assessment, record the flight crew hypoxia effective awareness time and assessment of the process of symptoms. Taking hypoxia cognition time as the dependent variable, the multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out with the model, age, flight time and the pilot-related physiological parameters as independent variables to analyze the related factors that affect the effective time of hypoxia. Results: The final effective awareness time of 144 flight attendants was (197.3 ± 61.9) s. During the assessment, most pilots experienced two or more of the following symptoms: chest tightness, palpitations, dizziness, vertigo, head fever, head swelling, hand numbness, general fever, cold sweat, generalized weakness and other symptoms; during evaluation No obvious symptoms in 6 cases (4.2%). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the station elevation was the most important factor affecting the effective time of hypoxia (P <0.01), the age was significantly negatively correlated with the effective time of hypoxia (P <0.05), and the effective time of hypoxia (P <0.05). However, the mean arterial pressure, basal heart rate and oxygen saturation were not significantly correlated with the effective time of hypoxia (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The higher the resident altitude, the longer the pilots’ awareness of hypoxia is. The longer the pilots are, the longer the flight time is, the shorter the hypoxia awareness time is.