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刑事被害人国家补偿制度是对受到不法侵害的被害人及其近亲属的一种国家救济制度,目的是使刑事被害人及其近亲属在受到不法侵害后能够获得一定补偿的社会福利。它可使被害人与犯罪人的人权保障得到完美平衡,保证刑事诉讼活动的顺利进行,维护社会和谐稳定。通过对日本刑事被害人国家补偿制度的研究分析,笔者从补偿的基本原则、补偿对象与种类、补偿条件、补偿的具体程序和补偿金来源及例外情况等角度,提出了建立适合我国国情的刑事被害人国家补偿制度构想。
The state compensation system for criminal victims is a kind of state relief system for victims of unlawful infringement and their close relatives.Its purpose is to make the criminal victims and their close relatives get some social welfare benefits after being infringed upon. It can perfect the guarantee of human rights of victims and criminals, ensure the smooth progress of criminal proceedings and safeguard social harmony and stability. Through the research and analysis of the national compensation system of criminal victims in Japan, the author puts forward the suggestion of setting up a criminal victim that is suitable for China’s national conditions from the basic principles of compensation, the objects and types of compensation, the conditions of compensation, the specific procedures of compensation and the sources of compensation and exceptions. Conception of National Compensation System.