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歌德一生与批评家不睦,长期以来被国内外不少学者误读为他自恃才高、性格高傲而导致他容不下批评,看不起批评家的文坛个案现象。本文作者紧密结合歌德成长的时代背景,分析歌德文学创作中所面临艰巨的历史使命和崇高理想,对比流行于当时的科学研究和文艺批评的方法及态度,得出了这样的结论:歌德对批评所作的冷处理回应态度属于保护文学新生事物的必然之举,除此之外没有更理智更可取的方法。另外,本文还挖掘出歌德本人对于文学创作与批评关系的理解,充分说明严肃的文学批评不能够依据现成的一定之规对作品进行刻舟求剑式的考量,而是应当与作者感同身受,进而检验作者的意图在作品中的实现程度。
Goethe has always been in disagreement with his critics. For a long time he was misunderstood by many scholars both at home and abroad as being self-reliant and arrogant, leading him to tolerate criticism and despising the criticism of the literary phenomenon. The author closely analyzes the background of the development of Goethe, analyzes the arduous historical missions and lofty ideals in the literary creation of Goethe, compares the methods and attitudes prevailing at the time on scientific research and literary criticism, and draws the conclusion that Goethe’s critique The response to the cold treatment is an inevitable move to protect the new things in literature, except there is no more sensible and preferable method. In addition, this article also digs out Goethe’s own understanding of the relationship between literary creation and criticism, fully demonstrates that serious literary criticism can not inscribe the style of work based on established rules and regulations, but should feel empathy with the author, and then test the author’s intention at The degree of achievement in the work.